Sobre la biología del águila calzada Hieraëtus pennatus (Gmelin, 1788) en Navarra

Trata el presente trabajo de aspectos de la Biología del Águila calzada (Hieraétus pennatus) durante el período reproductor según observaciones realizadas en unos parajes de la zona media de Navarra. Comienza con la descripción del sistema de trabajo y posteriormente, se describe la especie, su habitat, distribución geográfica y estatus en Navarra. Según fechas de observación de los autores se trata de la fenología de migración. Un capítulo más extenso describe el comportamiento territorial y nupcial de la especie y se dan todos los datos básicos relativos a fechas de puesta de huevos, nacimiento de los pollos, período de dependencia con sus padres etc. Se citan observaciones originales relativas a la agresividad entre los pollos en varias especies de rapaces. Se dan datos sobre alimentación de las especies y el trabajo acaba describiendo los cambios de los individuos que compusieron una pareja de águilas calzadas que nidificó en el mismo bosque durante 17 años, pudiéndose estudiar, por ello, la productividad de tal pareja en dicho período de tiempo

Ice Dynamics and Morphological Changes During Proglacial Lake Development at Exploradores Glacier, Patagonia

Proglacial lakes are ubiquitous features formed during deglaciarization and are currently increasing in number in Patagonia and elsewhere. Proglacial lakes can affect glacier dynamics, catchment hydrology and have the potential to cause glacial lake outburst floods. Therefore, monitoring the onset and development of proglacial lake formation is relevant to understand glacial processes and anticipate glacier response to climate change. In this study, we integrate geomorphological and ice-dynamic information to assess proglacial lake development in Exploradores Glacier, Chilean Patagonia. We monitor recent spatial and temporal changes in the lower trunk of Exploradores Glacier (10 km2) to provide a 20-year observation record by combining eight uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAV) surveys between 2019 and 2020, with high-medium resolution satellite imagery (Rapid Eye and Landsat) between 2000 and 2018. We use feature tracking techniques, digital surface elevation model analysis and field data to create a multi-temporal scale (inter-annual and seasonal) and a multi-spatial (cm to km) data set. Our analysis shows that surface velocity overall trend has not changed over the last 20 years and that surface velocity near the terminus is significant (>10 m a−1). Moreover, an exceptional advance over moraine deposits was detected. We also found low downwasting rates (<0.5 m a−1) close to the glacier terminus which are attributed to sufficient ice flux and the insulation effect of the debris-covered surface. However, hundreds of supraglacial ponds were observed and are currently coalescing and expanding by ice-cliff backwasting favoring glacier disintegration. Lastly, it was found that calving losses at the east marginal lake equaled ice-flux input into the lake for the UAV monitored period. This study contributes to a better understanding of glacial lake dynamics during proglacial lake development, and our results may help ice modelling efforts to predict glacier response to future climate scenarios

Activismo artístico : cuerpos, trayectos y figuraciones en el caso de Línea Peluda

En el caso de Línea Peluda, un colectivo de ilustradoras que reclaman la despenalización del aborto, el activismo artístico se despliega en dos ámbitos diferenciados y concurrentes: la intervención en espacios públicos y la convocatoria a través de las redes sociales. Abordaremos aquellas operaciones de producción de sentido que refieran a la experiencia de lucha y a las modalidades colaborativas de producción que las caracterizan. De este entramado, resultan figuraciones del cuerpo que nos remiten a las prácticas de movilización y a la obra de arte como disparadora de trayectos cognitivos y afectivos complejos.In the case of Línea Peluda, a group of illustrators who demand the decriminalization of abortion, artistic activism unfolds in two different and concurrent spheres: intervention in public spaces and convening through social networks. We will approach those operations of production of meaning that refer to the experience of struggle and the collaborative production modalities that characterize them. From this framework, figurations of the body result that refer us to mobilization practices and the work of art as a trigger for complex cognitive and affective paths

Water-Covered Roof Versus Inverted Flat Roof on the Mediterranean Coast: A Comparative Study of Thermal and Energy Behavior

Reservoir, or water-collecting roofs present greater thermal inertia than inverted flat roofs due to the mass of water they contain. This feature gives them better thermal performance and leads to greater stability in the indoor air temperature Ti and the wall surface temperatures. In the summer, they can dampen the effect of solar radiation and regulate external thermal loads thanks to their greater effusivity and thermal capacity. This research compares the thermal behavior of the roofs of two buildings located in Alicante on the Spanish Mediterranean coast: a loft flat in the city center and a water-covered roof in the Museum of the University of Alicante (MUA). Values for effusivity, diffusivity, thermal capacity, decrement factor, time lag and internal, as well as external thermal admittance were obtained. After monitoring both roofs during 2014, behavior simulations were performed in Design Builder using 6 different scenarios reflecting different combinations in both buildings of water-covered, inverted and conventional roofs and marble or terrazzo paving. The water-covered roof led to a higher decrement factor and time lag, as well as to a reduction of annual energy demands between 8.86% and 9.03%.This research was funded by the Vice-rectorate of Campus and Technology of the University of Alicante, in grants awarded by the Own Programme in 2014

Validity of noncycloplegic refraction in the assessment of refractive errors: the Tehran Eye Study

Purpose: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of noncycloplegic autorefraction for determining refractive status compared to cycloplegic autorefraction. Methods: The target population was noninstitutionalized citizens of all ages, residing in Tehran in 2002, selected through stratified cluster sampling. From 6497 eligible residents, 70.3% participated in the study, from August to November 2002. Here, we report data on 3501 people over the age of 5 years who had autorefraction with and without cycloplegia (two drops of cyclopentolate 1.0% 5 min apart, with autorefraction 25 min after the second drop). Results: Overall, the sensitivity of noncycloplegic autorefraction for myopia was 99%, but the specificity was only 80.4%. In contrast, the sensitivity for hyperopia was only 47.9%, but the specificity was 99.4%. At all ages, noncycloplegic autorefraction overestimated myopia and underestimated hyperopia. Overestimation of myopia was highest in the 21-30 and 31-40 year groups. Underestimation of hyperopia was high up to the age of 50 (20-40%), but decreased with age, to about 8% after the age of 50, down to almost 0% after 70. The difference in mean spherical equivalent with and without cycloplegia fell from 0.71 dioptres (D) in the 5-10 age group to 0.14D in those over 70. Conclusion: Use of noncycloplegic autorefraction in epidemiological studies leads to considerable errors relative to cycloplegic measurements, except in those over 50-60. The difference between cycloplegic and noncycloplegic measurements varies with age and cycloplegic refractive category, and there is considerable individual variation, ruling out adjusting noncycloplegic measurements to obtain accurate cycloplegic refractions

Electronic structure of crystalline binary and ternary Cd-Te-O compounds

The electronic structure of crystalline CdTe, CdO, $\alpha$-TeO$_2$, CdTeO$_3$ and Cd$_3$TeO$_6$ is studied by means of first principles calculations. The band structure, total and partial density of states, and charge densities are presented. For $\alpha$-TeO$_2$ and CdTeO$_3$, Density Functional Theory within the Local Density Approximation (LDA) correctly describes the insulating character of these compounds. In the first four compounds, LDA underestimates the optical bandgap by roughly 1 eV. Based on this trend, we predict an optical bandgap of 1.7 eV for Cd$_3$TeO$_6$. This material shows an isolated conduction band with a low effective mass, thus explaining its semiconducting character observed recently. In all these oxides, the top valence bands are formed mainly from the O 2p electrons. On the other hand, the binding energy of the Cd 4d band, relative to the valence band maximum, in the ternary compounds is smaller than in CdTe and CdO.Comment: 13 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables. Accepted in Phys Rev

Estructura genética de poblaciones de Phytophthora capsici en el noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina

Phytophthora capsici causa enfermedades destructivas en todo el mundo. El patógeno es heterotálico y los dos tipos de apareamiento (TAs) son requeridos para la reproducción sexual. La razón de TAs varía entre regiones geográficas y por lo tanto también la chance para reproducirse sexualmente. Si se toma en cuenta que la durabilidad de las medidas de control depende de la variación genética, es aconsejable considerar la cantidad y la distribución de variación genética dentro y entre poblaciones de especies, es decir, la estructura genética. Esta está determinada por factores que influencian la evolución poblacional como la mutación, la deriva genética, el flujo genético, el sistema de reproducción y de selección. En este sentido, poco se conoce sobre las poblaciones de P. capsici en Argentina. El objetivo fue evaluar la variabilidad genética de aislamientos de P. capsici de tres sitios de producción hortícola del NE de Buenos Aires. Sesenta y un aislamientos de P. capsici colectados de cultivos de Capsicum annuum, Solanum melongena, Solanum lycopersicum y Cucurbita spp. fueron identificados morfológicamente y analizados por tipo de reproducción. Los aislamientos fueron identificados por técnicas moleculares basadas en las secuencias de las regiones ITS1-5.8S e ITS2 del ADNr. Se definieron los haplotipos para cada aislamiento y los parámetros poblacionales fueron estimados por zona geográfica y por especie hospedante junto con el número mínimo de eventos de recombinación. Las desviaciones de la coalescencia básica fueron estimadas a través de Tajima´s D.; la estructura genética fue evaluada subsecuentemente a través de pruebas de AMOVA y de estimadores de Fst. La reconstrucción de redes filogenéticas fue analizada con la intención de evaluar las relaciones genealógicas entre haplotipos. Todos los aislamientos mostraron características morfológicas y genéticas típicas de P. capsici y pertenecieron al TA A1. No se evidenció una estructura genética cuando fueron incluidas como criterio de partición las especies hospedantes. Sin embargo, la partición geográfica permitió evidenciar alguna estructuración entre poblaciones, con la excepción de Exaltación de La Cruz que resultó el sitio más contrastante con respecto a ambos estimadores de índices de fijación. Al mismo tiempo, esta ubicación redituó los estimadores más bajos de diversidad, lo que probablemente refleja su origen reciente como zona hortícola. Dos a tres eventos de recombinación fueron detectados, lo que sugiere que la reproducción sexual podría haber influido sobre el proceso de diversificación en esta área. La estructura genética y los niveles de variación en esta región son opuestos a los resultados obtenidos por otros investigadores en la región centro oeste de Argentina y podría significar una amenaza para esta área de cultivo, al presente.Phytophthora capsici causes destructive diseases worldwide. The pathogen is heterothallic and the two mating types (MTs) are required for sexual reproduction. MTs rates vary amongst geographical regions and so does the chance for sexual reproduction. Taking into account that the durability of control measures depends upon genetic variation, it is advisable to consider its structure within and between populations. The objective of the present paper was to evaluate the genetic variability of P. capsici isolates from three horticultural production areas of the Northeast of Buenos Aires. Sixty one isolates of P. capsici collected from Capsicum annuum, Solanum melongena, Solanum lycopersicum and Cucurbita spp. crops were morphologically identified and analyzed for MTs. The isolates were further identified via molecular techniques based on the sequences of the ITS1 - 5.8S - ITS2 region of the ADNr. Haplotypes were defined for every isolate, and population parameterts were estimated both for geographic and hostspecies partitions, along with the minimum number of recombination events. Departures from the basic coalescent were estimated through Tajima´s D; the genetic structure was subsequently evaluated through AMOVA tests and Fst estimations. Phylogenetic network reconstruction was analysed in an attempt to assess genealogical relationships amongst haplotypes. All isolates showed morphological and genetic characteristics of P. capsici and belonged to the A1 MT. No genetic structure was detected when host-species was taken as a criterion for partition; on the other hand, geographic partition detected some structure among populations, with Exaltación de La Cruz resulting in the most contrasting site with regards to both fixation index estimates. At the same time, this location yielded the lowest estimates of diversity, probably reflecting its recent horticultural origin. Two to three recombination events were detected, suggesting that sexual reproduction could have been part of the diversification process in this area. The genetic structure and levels of variation in the region is opposite to what other researchers have found in Northwestern Argentina and could mean a threat to that breeding area now.Fil: Iribarren, María Josefina. Universidad Nacional de Luján; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Borassi, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Luján; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ferri, A.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: González, Beatriz Ángela. Universidad Nacional de Luján; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Steciow, Mónica Mirta. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Guillín, Eduardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentin

Young Galaxy Candidates in the Hubble Frontier Fields - III. MACSJ0717.5+3745

In this paper we present the results of our search for and study of $z \gtrsim 6$ galaxy candidates behind the third Frontier Fields (FF) cluster, MACSJ0717.5+3745, and its parallel field, combining data from Hubble and Spitzer. We select 39 candidates using the Lyman Break technique, for which the clear non-detection in optical make the extreme mid-$z$ interlopers hypothesis unlikely. We also take benefit from $z \gtrsim 6$ samples selected using previous Frontier Fields datasets of Abell 2744 and MACS0416 to improve the constraints on the properties of very high-redshift objects. We compute the redshift and the physical properties, such emission lines properties, star formation rate, reddening, and stellar mass for all Frontier Fields objects from their spectral energy distribution using templates including nebular emission lines. We study the relationship between several physical properties and confirm the trend already observed in previous surveys for evolution of star formation rate with galaxy mass, and between the size and the UV luminosity of our candidates. The analysis of the evolution of the UV Luminosity Function with redshift seems more compatible with an evolution of density. Moreover, no robust $z\ge$8.5 object is selected behind the cluster field, and few $z$$\sim$9 candidates have been selected in the two previous datasets from this legacy survey, suggesting a strong evolution in the number density of galaxies between $z$$\sim$8 and 9. Thanks to the use of the lensing cluster, we study the evolution of the star formation rate density produced by galaxies with L$>$0.03L$^{\star}$, and confirm the strong decrease observed between $z$$\sim$8 and 9.Comment: 21 pages - Accepted for publication in ApJ - v2: small correction